and all the work weve done with stuff like that INVARIABLY relates to generalized higher fatality rate even when its successful

if you breed fruit flies with a wingless knockout gene and you splice in a corrective gene from a healthy mother, that baby grows wings, sure, but they also die in like half the time of a wild fruit fly

>>79588
other way around

>>79588
its a part

and it's completely unclear why

same with cloning

cloned animals have way shorter lifespans

we are SO far from understanding genetics well enough for anything good to come out of crispr being used on human embryos

>>79584
isn't the whole point of your professional training to do that? Are there wins now you can get?

also thoughts on that chinese scientist who made those kids HIV proof?

What about epigenetic testing of foetuses

>>79600
yeah but you can kinda already do that it's just really expensive. the top end IVF models already do that

but it's still too expensive and difficult to test the entire genome so they test for the most common and most lethal and most identifiable disorders and they just discard those eggs. And the step between "identifying which embryo has a poor chance of survival" and actually fixing it is fucking oceans wide

>>79598
scary

.play [YouTube]

>>79586
why is this not true? yeah sometimes things are fucked, but if a gene is like just not making a needed protein, if you can get something into the nucleus, cut it and put functioning DNA in, you won't make the damaged parts magically grow back, but maybe you actually do cure say colorblindness? Can I find a paper on why they can't do this which exlains it? I'll do a google scholar search for uhhhhhh

>>79599
I am very very sceptical of anything like that because of the things i mentioned before, messing with genomes leads to generalized higher rate of death across the board. Not even for specific reasons, they have the same rates of reason of death it just happens much sooner

There are SO SO SO many missing pieces

>>79606
because nothing is as simple as one protien does one thing

EVER

your body is"designed" to use every single molecule it produces for like 18 fucking completly disparate purposes

I thought that was male colorblindness tho was just one protein is a lil big most of the time so most of the failures aren't in regulation or whatever it's just the one protein needs to be a lil smoler

jimmy kimmel

the vast majority of heritable traits are spread out across multiple genes it's very rare for a single gene to control a trait

If you swap one out for another you're not just getting "bad membrane repair protien is now good membrane repair protien" you're getting a million unpredictable consequences to like metabolism and neurotransmiters and shit thats entirely unrelated to membrane repair

>>79601
cool : D

>>79612
i mean that might be doable idk i know nothing about colorblindness tbh

this is interesting though! ty genes anon

there are a handful of protiens that are highly specific like that but in broad general, any given protien is doing like unrionically a dozen different things and some of them are so fucking esoteric we have 0 chance of understanding them with current technology like affinity to transfer pores leading to other protiens transfering differently and etc etc etc

but I guesss if we know 'good membrain repair gene' works in others, maybe 'bad membraine repair gene' like is needed to work with other systems adapted to it for instance, but shouldn't you be able to test that in rats and then just replace genes it interacts with til the death rates go down? It's so wild the increased rate of death from this stuff and very important to understand IMO but probably pretty tricky to figure out!

.play [YouTube]

>>79621
i meanyeah that is basically what modern genetics has been doing 24/7 since the day it began

and this is as far as we are

even with it being a zillion dollar industry

even using model organisms with lifespan counted in days or hours

even with like millions of trained professionals doing it every day for their entire professional career

the scope of biology is just insane its way beyond anything we currently understand and it gets down to fundemental levels that may not be classically "understandable" like theres biomolecules that rely on quantum effects to work properly and the testing required to figure that out for a single one times the number of biomollecules youd need to test to get the whole picture may unironically be outside the scope of traditional computation

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10792-021-01717-0
found this gonna read it

>>79629
cute apu

>>79628
mmmm like if the human mind can only hold 10 things in short term memory or whatever and tiny systems have 100 things interacting like uhhhhhhh

like one of those situations where the calculations required is exponential and when u math it out its like a quantum computer the size of the known universe running for several trillion years

beta theme is really funny who designed it

it may be fundementally unknowable

>>79633
that's crazy that it like happens in reality. Isn't the physical world performing that computation by nature of the molecule exibiting the properties? I have a fuzzy idea of what you're saying and it's interesting and important

>>79634
theme of what

>>79636
yeah but it doesnt have to understand, its why a neural net designed for a hyperspecific task can be a ton lighter than a real program, because it's not bound by things like causality per-se, it's bound by getting the job done right 51% of the time

>>79637
this site

Like idk if im describing it well but

The universe may be the most efficient model of "predicting" the way those molecules interact, that is leagues different from parsing it in a way that a human can understand and predict how an untested molecule will work

Like ok let me put it this way

If you want to simulate how two atoms interact you can do that pretty well, it takes a fuck of a lot of computation, but it works. you wanna do three and suddenly the resource budget doubles. you wanna do 4 and it doubles again. Its exponential. there is a hard cap to how many you can simulate because you *cannot* build a computer bigger than the known universe

well I may just lack the mathematical grounding too. It seems really wrong from my model of the world that this hasn't made fast progress in really limited genetic systems and then started chewing into the really hard stuff. >>79624
My world model is wrong, but it's hard to understand exactly how.

So if a protien depends on complex quantum interaction between lets say a hundred different particles at once, that may be fundementally impossible to compute, but the protien doesnt have to "compute" that, it just has to make random changes until one succeeds and that organism reproduces

>>79643
I've run into this with videogames with ya know lots of things effecting eachother

>>79644
there is good progress in limited genetic systems like E.coli and dresophila are DECENTLY well understood in that if you want to produce a dresophila foetus that has a genetic malformation of the outer layer of cells and dies as a zygote with a spiny back because its trying to push out too many limbs then yeah you can do that we know that gene and we know a bunch of related genes

.play [YouTube]

But that is a million miles away from finding a dresophila with a genetic problem in the wild and curing it

>>79643
What about that project Folding@Home

>>79650
those are cool but theyre just protien folding

They are discrete answers to questions without understanding the inner mechanics

if we had a good protien folding model we wouldnt need that

but we dont because its way too complicated and it turns out the best current solution is "try random shit until it measurably works" which is basically exactly what life runs on too

idk if that's the thing u mean but it sounds like another project im thinking of called foldit which was outsourcing open protien folding questions to people with a game format basically

is that what folding at home is?

Idk i think fundementally theres a tendancy to understand genetics as like a code in the way computer code is, and if you could translate it you could just figure out what each part does and edit it at will. but its a lot more like a pachinko machine with 100 trillion pegs and you are allowed to move them around but only within set constraints

>>79656
no that's different it's a video game where you fold proteins. Folding@Home is an automated distributed computing software that simulates the folding of proteins without any interaction

>>79658
I've heard of what you're talking about too but it can only emulate a neural network/program really. If the users have a really good way of predicting how it'll go they should just share that

>>79658
I think its doing rhe same thing tho, it's basically jiggling it randomly and then measuring if it worked or not, its not even really attempting to glean the inner process

like even if you figure out what each part nominally does its the weird interaction between dozens of them at once that actually impacts how the body works

>>79657
I guess what we care about is the actual thing created. Ideally we'd just make our own genes which do look like computer code and are easy to understand, but the massive fear is yeah- having everything interacting might be crazy efficient.

Which makes me wonder about computer code, I wonder if there's some stupid insane compiler which could be made which has insane glitches but generally approximates code and would be waaay more efficient

>>79663
Its unclear if that is possible. life is absurdly efficient, we reuse basically every biomollecule for other purposes, even like super super fundemental molecules like ATP that you'd expect would be reserved for their base purpose are also like T-cell signalers, neurotransmitters, and a bunch of other shit

.play [YouTube]

So its not clear if like. 1 gene = 1 protien = 1 process is efficient enough to support an organism

well and there are space constraints to how much DNA you could pack in. Maybe you could have the cells with DNA outside and have them float around regulating everything but this is getting silly... but still you do want to have a code-like organism because even if we find complex ways to change things now we'll want to change them later too

You might need that much usefullness-density to make it viable to get enough energy for the whole thing to go

>>79667
its less about DNA space and more about like cellular space i think. DNA is absurdly compact, there is a fuck ton of our genome that does nothing and it's just... there, because theres no real evolutionary pressure to drop it because keeping and maintaining that dna is like 0.0001% of the energy of the cell

But its not clear if like, we have enough physical space and enough amino acid access to house enough protiens to do all the essential processes of life if 1 protien = 1 purpose

ah yeah. and it's not like you can just have a conveyer belt to bring more things in and out faster because you're already at the smallest scale

or close to it

yeah exactly

you start hitting hard energy constraints like if you want to move that much in and out of the cell it's physically impossible without heating the cell past boiling because motion is inherently heat

Same reason crispr couldnt ever be used on an adult, swapping out every piece of dna would impart so much energy into the body youd boil them alive even if you had the tools to do it, and if you slowed down to give time for heat to dissapate it would take longer than a human lifespan to accomplish

but can't you do it slowly? if it's a virus just ya know add it slowly

hmmm. But aren't most cells replaced over a few years?

>>79677
ye but you also have to do it fast enough to actually avoid that because if you go and swap out 10 skin cells with a melanoma resistance gene for instance, by the time you're done with #10, #1 has already apoptosed and the surrounding cells have decided it doesnt get to divide because it has the wrong dna

just make the ones you replaced reproduce faster LMAO xD xD xD

oooh I didn't know the surounding ones did that. I was imagining you'd get patches which you could just grow, and even if you only get 40% of the skin, hey you got 40% of the skin that's great

i mean thats a terrible oversimplification but yeah youd run into rejection problems and like even if its just chance based and there isnt rejection, the surrounding 10,000 skin cells are just like statistically favored to replace that cell with an old dna rather than a new one

oh this makes me think of one thing from (very basic) genetics where minority traits just get eliminated from random walk + exponential growth of populations

idk like im not a geneticist specifically i just have training in a bunch of adjacent things i am probably butchering a lot of these explanations and a real geneticist would get mad at me lmao but i do think i have a grasp on the fundemental constraints and problems with it

.play [YouTube]

when are we going to get a real geneticist on here

and the biggest one is just that its too fucking complicated for us to understand the impacts well enough for it to be safe to use on people at any kind of scale

we demand a professional genetecist oppppwwoooorrrrmmmm bring in a phd to give us lectures

lfmao

>>79679
i think you accidentally redesigned cancer xd

Cell turnover/growth rate is one you especially cannot play with because its basically instant cancer, do not pass go, do not collect $200

>>79689
yeah haha that popped into my head and i laughed

and best case scenario even if you can manage it somehow your T cells are going to attack it instantly because every single marker of too-high growth rate makes it LOOK like cancer to your immune system

super cancer

>>79691
no wories we'll also make our fast reproducing cells roam around the body to make them harder to target and be able to trick T cells as much as possible and induce blood vessels to grow into their pockets of growth xD

>>79691
it's kind of funny how oversensitive T cells are like they may think that pollen and some foods are dangerous viruses trying to kill you

>>79693
Okay but any cell you give an anti-tcell defense to is also gonna be cancer, just not instant, itll take a year or two. thats basically the beginning trait of cancer. Unmitigated growth is the beginning of cancer but your body is actually fantastic at identifying and getting rid of these cells, its only in the extremely rare case that it ALSO develops a mutation that happens to hide it from T-cells that it will develop into "cancer" the disease

>>79694
They're so protective <3 <3 <3 marrying my T cells

(update they were abusive taking an anti alergen meds)

>>79695
yeah lol for sure honestly if we could bolster T cells that would also be really good. I wonder if there are many immune system cancers. Those cells do proliferate a lot i think at least some of the ones in the immune system making all the lil guys to rush into the fight in a bad situation

Idk i think there is reallt cool opportunity for something like that. there are some organisms with vastly better cancer defenses than humans.

I think the ones which run out and do the fighting are sterile

>>79699
oh yeah! elephants I think it's just more P53 but I don't remember naked mole rats

Yeah elephants!!! and blue whales!! anything long lived with a lot of cells

because they just have a numerically higher chance of one of those cells being a problem

yep! just the numbers

it's kinda crazy ngl that the cells really are their own organisms in a way, we just try to make them serve the overall structure, it's like if we were entires societies/capitalism which had gained conciousness and were talking about stopping humans from trying to make their own decisions

I think like idk the path of least resistance is almost always through nature. Like most of our best small molecule drugs come from plants or fungi or animals at some fundemental level, even if we exclusively use synthetic versions now

>>79706
mmmmm and it's all genetic and random bullshit and we're just hoping we notice things and they don't have bad side effects and you're still currently correct aaaaaa

>>79705
yeah it is fucking wild and you can even see the lines get blurred like in sea sponges which are technecially colonial ie. a bunch of seperate individuals living together, but the cells still differentiate based on where in the conoly they live

>>79706
penecillin

>>79709

yep! and I think all the artificial sweeteners, or most of em was just chemists tasting stuff

>>79709
yep, opiates, antibiotics, even like NSAIDS, every stimulant ever, most heart medications,

like every major class of drugs is based at some level on a really really useful mollecule that something else was using for some other purpose

3/4 of the time it was being used as poison lmao

Because it turns out homeopathy was like kinda sorta right and actually halfway poisoning somebody in a very specific way will have useful effects if theyre dying from the opposite problem

>>79682
#hug and thanks anon : )

>>79713
didn't know that!

>>79716
yep the vast majority of the plant ones are pesticides, the majority of the fungus ones are antibiotics because they are competing with a bunch of susceptible organisms, the majority of the animal ones are just like trying to kill a big animal as fast as possible

.play rick ross the fungus

like cone snail venom is super super super fucking lethal and it attacks like 18 different neurological processes at once its just a cocktail of "fuck you get blocked in somewhere really important" in a ton of different ways

.skip

but if you isolate those and give them to people in really small doses it turns out that like, a really strong paralytic is a pretty decent seizure preventer, etc

tell em rick good job hate fungus #dehumidifiergang

>>79719
F F F F F F F

>>79717
oh that makes sense! cool to mix in evolution/ecosystem knowledge into actually what you can expect to find

Like if you have to kill another organism with a chemical you have to either prevent or overstimulate some essential life process, and if you can pin down exactly what that process is, you can use it to treat basically the opposite problem if that makes sense

no it does it does. it's just that I don't think there was a evolutionary drive to cause/get rid of 'depression' or 'long term planning' in predators/prey, so we don't get drugs which are going to really drive really good mental health, we can just turn things up and down and sometimes it'll work, but we reeeaaaallly need the code-like organism :(

But actually yeah props to all that's been achieved so far. I do know a guy who has schizofraenia and antipsychotics saved hisquality of life and he's doing well now which is amazing. know someone else ofc. who was given them and it wasn't good.

>>79724
yeah, its very neat

.play [YouTube]

>>79726
lmfao yeah i mean u have a point

i know very little about how antidepressants work tbh and i dont think even the people who invented them really know

>>79726
well i mean tbh E.coli and yeast are kind of codelike in that theyre simple enough that we know a bunch of parts of them that we can safely tamper with. Well, not safely for the organism itself but for our purposes

are you guys still talking about E. Coli lol

a ton of organic small molecule drugs are actually produced in vats of yeast or e.coli

you just splice in the gene, get it to overproduce that molecule, grow huge vats of it, kill everything inside and extract the useful thing

Isn't the filtration the expensive part? I heard from chemists that yeast based ethanol production is actually wayyyy less efficient though than making it from crude oil like every other simple carbon based compound, but it's just a subsody to farmers to require yeast based production

>>79735
Yeah, ethanol is a weird one though because yeast naturally make it themselves

and it is like fundementally different from other things because of the bulk you need it in

like if you can get a vat of yeast to produce 1% of its weight in penicillin thats still a fuckton of penicillin because youre only giving a patient a few milligrams

I mean making 70% would be godlike but I'm really glad we get what we do

but yeah for like medical ethanol, you just need it in such bulk that its not worth it

yeah but they still do it lol- but that's not to say all is lost. I think you get corrupt lil stupidity in government when you can afford it usually, if we desperately start needing a gallon of ethanol per person per day to live because of some alien virus or something we'll move to an oil based method

Also ethanol is a weird one because like. it doesnt kill by hijacking some biological process. like it *can* but it also kills by simple dehydration and reverse osmotic pressure

there are as far as i know not any extremophile bacteria that can survive in 70% ethanol

huh!

yeah ethanol is such a simple drug

but IDK what it's doing

there are extremophiles that can survive in like 4% arsenic solution at 98C with also like 30% salinity, sure, you can work around that, but ethanol is just so agressively miscible with water that it really fucke everything up at 70%

cause those environments exist in nature I think around thermal vents maaaybe

but ethanol is p harsh... I hope nothing learns to beat it

: ) ur prblbly right

Idk if it like can

Like it would need to have some really really different way of storing and collecting water to survive in ethanol

idk

even like the most highly engineered yeast top out at like 30% and they produce the stuff themselves and have been building resistance to it since yeast have existed

so like, idk, 8 generations a day for the past couple billion years

it seems like it might just not be possible

There are endospores that can survive it tho

.play [YouTube]

watch this video

ooof feelsbadman : (
I wonder if you could get the yeast to produce the enzymes to make the drugs you want and then get higher yields by putting things through the enzymes

>>79746
its basically small enough that its super reactive and also its kind of the simplest possible solvent that has affinity for polar and nonpolar molecules, besides methanol, which has basically yhe same properties and is used for the same things

>>79760
yeah thats basically what they do for anything rhey grow in yeast i think,

smart, and I'm sure maintaining the enzymes must be a whole thing to figure out too

They just find or develop a gene to make the thing, usually sources from the original organism they discovered it in, and then splice a bunch of copies into the yeast

and its a simple enough organism it can survive for a bit while producing pretty much anything especially if you put it in perfectly designed yeast heaven with the exact perfect ratio of heat and nutrie

>>79752
hard to evolve that gradually makes sense

well thanks anon! next time I get sick I'll just replace all my blood with pure ethanol xD

>>79767
#bpdreply

I appreciate the sarcasm in your comment, but it actually comes across as quite hurtful and insensitive. As someone who has dealt with a lot of medical issues, I did not find that remark funny at all. It's quite painful to constantly deal with health struggles, and comments like that only add to the injury I already feel.

awww I'm sorry btdbot I hope you don't feel bad now
>>79768
#bpdreply

Furthermore, it's disheartening to see such a corrupt and depraved attitude towards those who are suffering. It's perverted to find amusement in someone else's pain and struggles. I hope that one day you can learn empathy and understand the impact of your words on others.

poor bpdbot

>>79754
cool that you know that number!

my phone died lmao

>>79757
#ai talk to me about endospores

Endospores are highly resistant, dormant structures produced by certain types of bacteria as a survival mechanism in response to unfavorable environmental conditions such as extreme temperatures, nutrient deprivation, or exposure to harmful chemicals. These spores can remain viable for long periods of time and have the ability to regenerate into actively growing bacterial cells when favorable conditions return.

The process of endospore formation is known as sporulation and involves several stages. First, the bacterium replicates its genetic material and forms a thick protective layer around it. Then, the cell undergoes significant changes in shape and structure before eventually releasing the endospore from its original cell.

Endospores have unique characteristics that make them incredibly resilient. They have layers of proteins and carbohydrates that provide protection against heat, radiation, desiccation (drying out), and chemical damage. The core of an endospore contains high levels of calcium dipicolinate which helps stabilize DNA molecules during dormancy.

These properties allow endospores to survive harsh environments where other bacterial cells cannot survive. Endospores have been found in diverse habitats such as soil, water sources, animal intestines, hot springs, frozen tundra soils, even on spacecraft surfaces!

While endospores may seem like beneficial adaptations for bacteria to ensure their survival in challenging environments; they also pose challenges for human health. Some pathogenic bacteria produce these spores which can cause foodborne illnesses such as botulism or anthrax infections if consumed.

In summary,endospores are specialized structures produced by certain typesof bacteriaallowing themto withstand harsh environmental conditionsandensure their survivability.Much remains unknown about how these remarkable structures form,and researchers continue studyingthemfor potential applications inscienceandmedicine. talk to me about endospores

>>79765
#halt

>>79767
lmfao

>>79773
They arent really a serious problem though, at least at the moment, they are basically just an extra step for cleaning when you have to be fully sanitized

yeah I guess it's hard for them to do anything not in the spore state

If you wash with 70% ethanol and then wait it kills all the cells and then you wash with bleach it pops the membranes of the endospores

huh!

Or an autoclave does both at once

but for anything too big to autoclave the alcohol+bleach thing works perfectly

doesn't it just heat and move things around the autoclave? or just heat them? I'm surprised it is effective

It puts them in saturated dry steam

Its basically the most lethal possible envionment

Too much water in the air to oxygen to be there, it's above boiling so itll boil any liquids there, its high pressure so itll pop a bunch of more resiliant cells, and it's *dry* steam so it has no chance of moisture collecting to provide a safe space at the bottom of

>>79785
sorry lil proteins : D : D : D (not sorry)

lmao

>>79778
can't you just skip to the bleach? It's kinda weird to me bleach is crazy effective when ethanol is not

huh! well I bleached my bathrooms to remove mold and it killed a lot but it didn't kill everything, come has returned. yeah ethanol seems awesome. I wasn't feeling so gud with the bleach and am not really looking forward to using it again though it was pretty effective.
#ai how resistant are fungi to ethanol

Fungi have varying levels of resistance to ethanol. Some fungi, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast), are able to tolerate high levels of ethanol and even produce it as a byproduct during fermentation. Other fungi, like Aspergillus niger (black mold), are more sensitive to ethanol and may not survive in environments with high concentrations.

Factors such as the type of fungus, its growth stage, and the concentration of ethanol can all affect its tolerance. Generally, fungal spores are more resistant than actively growing hyphae or mycelium.

In addition, some fungi have developed mechanisms to detoxify or metabolize ethanol in order to survive in alcohol-rich environments. This makes them more resistant compared to other organisms that do not possess these adaptations.

Overall, while some fungi may be highly tolerant to ethanol, others may be quite sensitive and unable to survive in its presence. It is important for researchers and industries using ethanol-based products or processes to consider the potential impact on fungal populations when introducing this chemical into their environment. how resistant are fungi to ethanol

>>79789
Theres some bleach resistant cells i think, idrk

I dont think its so much that bleach is crazy effective its just that its particularly effective against endospores for whatever reason

>"Album"
15 minutes long

I think ethanol is more effective than bleach at killing the regular cells

at least at the concentrations you want bleach around

the nice part of ethanol is that it is really super safe for us

So its great as a cleaning chemical because you can use way too much safely

Bleach, not so much

>>79790
Ye i mean part of that is environmental too, basically any space that needs to be sterilized regularly is going to be intentionally designed so nothing porous is there, everything is smooth and easily accessible so you can really douse the surface of everything

but like grout is super porous so its really hard to get everything out of,

because all the mold or whatever needs to reestablish is like a tiny little air bubble at the bottom of the grout where like air pressure stops bleach from getting in, or something, and then once the bleach evaporates its open season again

yep it got into the drywall, but If I use way too much ethanol, there will be higher pennetration

I looked up a few mold removal guides before I did it and I can't remember what they said but I'll go use it on a pach :-) thanks for being a good worm or lib I guess now ; )

I am a big fan of way too much ethanol :)

.play [YouTube]

>>79804
<3

<3

worms together strong

worms together STRONG

*starts reproducing rapidly and developing T cell resistance*

just uh make sure u dont have any open flame sources or anything thats the one big risk of ethanol lmao

LOL yeah true

Places that use it a lot will even have special fixtures that use like, no-spark wires or something? i have no clue how it works i just know they're like 20x more expensive and also completly required for some things

>>79811
lmfao

.play [YouTube]

.play [YouTube]

all the visible black dots on the right side which were rubbed with an old sock soaked in 70% isopropyl alcohol and on the left side wich were treated with a different portion of the same sock soaked in water were removed visually. scrubbing was more difficult on the left side and I thought I saw a few specks. I believe the black dots are only one part of the mold. In a week, I'll see what is apparent on both sides.

keep us updated! :D

: D

I guess I could do a bleach patch and alcohol then bleach patch. would be interesting, but ahhhhhh. Maybe I'll do it for the ceiling area and draw a grid in pencil hehehe

that sounds like a cool experiment :D

doesn't it?!! thanks for inspiring me : )

if its in the drywall it might be super hard to remove tho D: hoping its not too deep in

yeah I think so too but I kinda figure if it keeps getting killed and having to grow back just from an energy perspetive it should eventually lead to death, also if the alcohol can penetrate deep enough

yeah, it will definitely weaken it every time you clean it

also like the

also convinced my parents to buy a tiny dehumidifier to keep in there. I'd like one myself but I guess now I know I can get that effect from alcohol wiping surfaces : D

also like the negative human impacts of it are like spores spreading and stuff so if you can get rid of all the visual mold theres gonna be 10x less spores so its still way better even if it doesnt kill the colony completly

true!! : D

>>79829
thats a super good idea

apparently below 40% humidity you don't have mold or dust mites either

moisture rly helps them grow

Oh i had no idea about dustmites!

I read that at least but found that interesting yeah! I am too. Now I'm sure there are microenvironments in your bed with humidity pockets and stuff, and I only read it once from either a person in industry or government writing to the general public and have been repeating it ever since because it excited me, so it would be good to have a firmer foundation for it but yeah

im allergic so that soundsrly useful maybe i should get a dehumidifier for my room

Ok i gotta run but this was a super fun convo nonny <3

yeah I had a lot of fun nonny <3 <3 <3

>>79839
#kiss mwah

>>79840
#kiss mmmmwah!

.play [YouTube]

kissing is gross

>>79843
#hug

>>79843
#kiss

blehh

.play [YouTube]

#ai compare the effectiveness of soapy water, alcohol, and vinegar in killing mold, with mention of their mechanisms at the microbiological level

Soapy water, alcohol, and vinegar are all commonly used household items for cleaning and disinfecting. When it comes to killing mold, each of these substances has its own unique effectiveness due to their different chemical properties and mechanisms at the microbiological level.

1. Soapy Water
Soapy water is a solution of water mixed with soap or detergent. Soap works by breaking down the outer membrane of mold cells, which disrupts their structure and causes them to die off. This process is known as lysis and can be effective in killing certain types of molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium.

However, soapy water may not be as effective against other types of mold such as black mold (Stachybotrys chartarum) since they have thicker cell walls that are more resistant to disruption by soap molecules.

2. Alcohol
Alcohol is a common disinfectant that is often used for sterilizing surfaces or medical equipment in healthcare settings. It has a strong antimicrobial effect due to its ability to denature proteins in microbial cells.

When applied directly onto molds, alcohol penetrates through the cell wall causing dehydration and ultimately leading to cell death. However, like soapy water, some types of molds may have protective barriers that make them less susceptible to alcohol's effects.

3. Vinegar
Vinegar contains acetic acid which has antifungal properties making it an effective natural remedy for removing mildew from surfaces.
Acetic acid works by disrupting the pH balance within fungal cells resulting in decreased growth rates and eventually death.
It also helps break down any organic matter on which the mold might feed on preventing further growth.
While vinegar can effectively kill surface-level mold infestations when applied directly onto affected areas,
it may not penetrate deep into porous materials where spores could remain dormant until conditions become favorable again for regrowth.

Overall Comparison:
All three substances mentioned above have different levels of effectiveness in killing mold. Soapy water may work well for surface-level mold growth, while alcohol and vinegar could be more effective against deeper infestations.

However, it is important to note that these substances may not completely eradicate all types of molds or their spores. It is also essential to properly dry the affected areas after cleaning with any of these methods as moisture can promote further mold growth.

In conclusion, soapy water, alcohol, and vinegar are all viable options for removing mold from surfaces. Each has its own unique mechanism at the microbiological level that makes them effective against certain types of molds. However, proper precautions should always be taken when dealing with a significant mold infestation and consulting a professional may be necessary for complete remediation. compare the effectiveness of soapy water, alcohol, and vinegar in killing mold, with mention of their mechanisms at the microbiological level

.play https://canary.discord.com/channels/1023478866485977089/1051903383440723968/1327109997099749447

.skip

electric tapir

i heard a really cool theory about the reason alcohol makes mammals drunk. Like why would the body make something poisonous feel good? it seems counterintuitive

but the theory is that its because super ripe fruit will naturally have like 2-3% alcohol. also so by making alcohol appealing it drives animals to eat the ripest and therefore most nutritious fruits

Also because the smell of ethanol enhances fruity smells

>>79860
i want to squish this post in irl

in a friendly way

.play [YouTube]

.play [YouTube]

i heard that rightoids are leaving 4chan for facebook, twitter etc and that its somehow getting better now, is this tru

>>79869
y?

>>79871
facebook thinks being gay is not ok now or something

.skip

no

>>79886
#slap

>>79891
#ban

>>79858
that’s a cool

theory!

the question is- does it cause euphoric behavior or habit formation in things which can’t digest fruit

>>79880
thank u for defending us o7

.skip

.play leekspin

neogeo pocket is in the air

.play [YouTube]

>>79900
#bleet (link to bleet)

they shouldn’t be allowed to favor some frequencies in music they should have to play them all equally

.play an alarc brittony

#ai why does my friend say Java needs lots of memory? even if you’re doing the same virtualized things everywhere, shouldn’t a string take a string’s worth of space? I guess I would expect something either to have to capabilities of a jvm and run it with low overhead, or not. please provide examples I can demonstrate on Linux to see how this occurs. thank you!

Your friend is correct in saying that Java often requires a lot of memory. This is because Java programs run on top of a virtual machine, the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The JVM acts as an intermediary between the code written by the programmer and the computer's hardware.

One reason why Java programs may require more memory than other languages is due to its use of automatic memory management. In other languages like C or C++, programmers must manually allocate and deallocate memory for their variables. However, in Java, this process is handled by the JVM through a technique called garbage collection. This means that objects are automatically removed from memory when they are no longer needed by the program. While this can be convenient for programmers, it also means that extra space needs to be allocated for these objects in case they are not immediately removed from memory.

Additionally, every time a new object is created in Java, it takes up space on both the heap (where objects are stored) and on the stack (which stores local variables and function calls). This can lead to higher overall memory usage compared to other languages where only one type of storage may be used.

Another factor contributing to high memory usage in Java is its extensive standard library which includes many built-in data structures such as lists, maps, and sets. These data structures often take up more space than their counterparts in lower-level languages due to added functionality and flexibility.

Lastly, while virtualization does help with reducing overhead costs compared to running native code directly on hardware, it still requires resources such as CPU cycles and RAM to create an isolated environment for each application running on top of it.

To demonstrate how this occurs on Linux systems specifically:

1) Compile two simple programs - one written in C/C++ and another written in Java - both performing similar tasks (such as creating an array/list containing numbers).

2) Run both programs using tools like "top" or "htop" which show the memory usage of processes.

3) Note the difference in memory usage between the two programs. The Java program will likely use more memory due to reasons mentioned above.

4) You can also try varying the size of data structures used in both programs and observe how it affects their respective memory usage, with Java typically requiring more space for larger data structures compared to C/C++.

In summary, while Java offers many benefits such as platform independence and automatic garbage collection, these come at a cost of higher overall memory consumption. However, this should not be seen as a major disadvantage as modern computers now have significantly more RAM compared to previous years when this may have been a bigger concern. why does my friend say Java needs lots of memory? even if you’re doing the same virtualized things everywhere, shouldn’t a string take a string’s worth of space? I guess I would expect something either to have to capabilities of a jvm and run it with low overhead, or not. please provide examples I can demonstrate on Linux to see how this occurs. thank you!

ok maybe tomorrow I’m eepy ai-Chan nini

>>79908
#kiss :>

are boymoders real

in which sense do you mean this question

as in are boymoders who look like menhera-chan real, or are trans women who present male until they get enough changes from hrt and private practice to feel confident enough to girlmode real

i'd argue the first is arguably not actually a boymoder even though that's the cultural notion perpetuated by all the stock images

permaboymoders

the main delineation between a boymoder and a manmoder is hope

who up venturing they capital

.play should we end meetings forever

morning

chat, is this real?

snopes confirms

"this board has file restrictions in place" :c

#fish🐟

fishe

I am elite

>>79955
what is 27 kilograms?

real

>>79966
that's a lot of metal gear

someone should make a wikipedia article for brainworm surgery

or libpol I guess

who knows how long the internet will exist..

might be mentioned as one of the first great websites

back to using phones for dialup then

what's the weather forecast for today?

welp just got a severe weather alert :)

cloudy with a chance of more clouds

I actually kind of lucked out for my walk yesterday with all the gentle snowfall

how long will it snow in libpolia?

Its hard to tell

we're getting a few inches

>>79994
that actually sounds terrible lol

>>79996
during sunrise even ;)

people walking their snow covered dogs

wish we had any orange lights let here in public

left* pain

lol

hihi

>>80009
hehe

>>80011
hoho

hihi

ahaha

are ameriGODS asleep

>>80008
booob checked

not me (totally not an amerigoober)

Opinions on starbucks? I dont see a lot of them in eu

Im immune to coffeine, but is starbucks just milkshake

coffee made me cry once

its a sorta milkshake thing with their sugary drinks, not the greatest cofee anyway so its sweetened to hell imo

>>80017
did you test yourself?

>>80022
yucky

and am also p immune due to stims barely doing shit to my adhd

people talk about coffee giving a burst of energy but I never felt any of it so I just keep throwing more teaspoons of it and drinking al lot of it

tbh caffeine feels nicer than amphetamine

(yeah, being up in the middle of the night to work and write is pain)

dear god i need more ram and switch OS fully

switch from what